the idea of the “human scale” should have seemed quite 
without appeal during the mechanical centuries.

     The natural tendency of the enlarged community of the 
city is to increase the intensity and accelerate functions of 
every sort, whether of speech, or crafts, or currency and 
exchange. This, in turn, implies an inevitable extension of these 
actions by subdivision or, what is the same thing, new 
invention. So that even though the city was formed as a kind of 
protective hide or shield for man, this protective layer was 
purchased at the cost of maximized struggle within the walls. 
War games such as those described by Herodotus began as 
ritual blood baths between the citizenry. Rostrum, law courts, 
and marketplace all acquired the intense image of divisive 
competition that is nowadays called “the rat race.” 
Nevertheless, it was amidst such irritations that man produced